Library and Information Science Digest is an annual publication of the Nigerian Library Association, Anambra State Chapter. The journal is devoted to the dissemination of research findings and general knowledge in library and information sciences. The journal publishes at least one issue a year. Articles are published online as soon as they are ready by adding them to “current” volume’s Table of Content.
Nigerian Library Association, Anambra State Chapter
AVAILABILITY AND EXTENT OF APPLICATION OF AUTOMATION FACILITIES FOR REFERENCE SERVICES IN FEDERAL UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES IN SOUTH-EAST NIGERIA
Technologies in libraries are tools for improving and enhancing the efficiency of library services and resources. As new technologies evolve, library services are expected to change accordingly through acquisition and deployments for more efficient performance of tasks and activities including reference services. The paper examined the Availability and extent of application of library automation facilities for reference services in Federal university libraries in South-East Nigeria. A descriptive study design was adopted. A sample size of 137 librarians was used. A structured observation checklist and questionnaire were used for data collection. Frequency counts and percentages were used to analyze research question one, while mean scores were used for research question two. ANOVA was used to test the null hypotheses, and Scheffe post-hoc test was conducted to identify the source of observed significant differences. The findings revealed that seven automation facilities were available in the libraries, whereas Electronic Resource Management System, Discovery Systems, and Bibliography databases were not available in majority of the libraries. The extent of application of automation to reference services were low in almost all areas including: email referencing services, mobile phone call reference services, AI chatbots in library websites, information literacy training / tutorials among others. Significant difference was observed in the extent of application of automation for reference services based on the generation of institutions, particularly between first and third generation, and second and third generation universities. 1st and 2nd generation of institutional libraries has higher application of automation facilities for reference services than the 3rd generation. The study recommends that library automation facilities should be adequately provided by library management and librarians should increase the deployment of available reference tools for efficient reference service delivery in academic libraries in South East, Nigeria.
LIBRARIANS PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES FOR IMPROVED SERVICE DELIVERY IN ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA
The purpose of this study is to determine librarian’s professional development programmes for improved service delivery in Anambra State, Nigeria. Descriptive research design was used for the study. Questionnaire was used to collect data from 27 librarians in Prof. Festus Aghagbo Nwako Library of Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. The study revealed that the types of professional development programmes in Prof. Festus Aghagbo Nwako Library are workshop, job rotation, coaching, internship, instructional guidance, seminars, and apprentice. Strategies such as fostering a culture of lifelong learning, leveraging technology, promoting mentorship and peer learning, strengthening collaboration and partnerships, aligning with staff development needs, focusing on service improvement, targeting specific needs, providing incentives for participation, and implementing comprehensive evaluationwith mean scores of 3.84 and 3.00 with meanscores respectively were used for improving professional development programmes. The study also identified some challenges such as funding, technological limitations, policy barriers, staffing issues delivery, access to resources, lack of institutional support, resistance to change, lack of awareness, geographical constraints and inadequate evaluation mechanisms affecting the professional development programmes. The study recommended increased funding, investment in infrastructure, policy reforms, recruitment and retention strategies, enhanced access to resources, training and awareness programmes, cultural change initiatives, geographical outreach efforts, collaborative initiatives, evaluation and feedback mechanisms as solutions to the identified challenges for improving professional development programmes.
PREDICTORS OF QUALITY OF DIGITAL ARCHIVAL REPOSITORIES IN ACADEMIC LIBRARIES IN CROSS RIVER STATE
This study investigated the quality of digital archival repositories in academic libraries, focusing on the influence of ICT skills, continuous professional development, and managerial support. Digital repositories are critical for preserving, managing, and providing access to scholarly and institutional knowledge, and their effectiveness depends on the technical, professional, and organizational capacities of library staff. The study employed an ex-post facto research design, considered appropriate because it examines existing conditions and relationships without manipulation of variables. The population consisted of 778 staff members in the archives departments of selected academic libraries in Cross River State, Nigeria. A multistage sampling technique was used to select respondents, and a structured questionnaire was administered to collect data. The instrument, divided into sections on demographics and variables, was validated using ICVI and SCVI and demonstrated acceptable reliability through Cronbach’s alpha coefficients. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, simple regression, and multiple regression to test the hypotheses. Findings revealed that ICT skills, continuous professional development, and managerial support each significantly influence the quality of digital archival repositories, while jointly, they account for a substantial proportion of variance in repository quality. The study provides empirical evidence for improving repository management, informing policy, and enhancing staff capacity to ensure sustainable and high-quality digital archival systems in academic libraries.
IMPLICATIONS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ROBOTICS IN LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SERVICES
This study examined how artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics in library and information services are transforming the way libraries operate and interact with users. AI-powered systems analyze vast amounts of data, catalogue, classify documents, and provide personalized recommendations, while robots automate routine tasks, enhance user experience, and expand accessibility. This article explores the future directions of AI and robotics in library and information services, investigating benefits, challenges, and implications for libraries, librarians, and users. The benefits of AI and robotics in libraries include improved user experience, automation of routine activities, increased efficiency, reduced human error, and integration of data sets. However, challenges such as job loss, inadequate funds, staff training, data quality and management, cybersecurity and privacy, and ethical considerations must be addressed. The future directions of AI and robotics in library and information services include advanced conversational AI, autonomous robots for complex tasks, AI-powered predictive analytics, assistance and highly customized learning, enhanced accessibility features, smart environment management, integrated augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR), and robust data analytics for improved services.
AWARENESS AND USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TOOLS BY ACADEMIC STAFF AND STUDENTS AT GBOKO POLYTECHNIC GBOKO, BENUE STATE
This study assessed the awareness and use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools by academic staff and students at Gboko Polytechnic, Gboko, Benue State. The study used a descriptive survey design. The population comprised 1,336 academic staff and students. A sample size of 392 participants were drawn using Taro Yamane’s formula. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire with a respondents’ return rate of 98.9%. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics of frequency counts, mean and standard deviation. Findings revealed a high level of awareness of AI tools such as ChatGPT, Grammarly, Quillbot, and Turnitin, with Elicit recording the highest awareness level (mean 3.19). The study also found that academic staff and students actively use AI tools to a high extent for teaching, learning and research writing with ChatGPT, Grammarly, Turnitin, Quillbot, and Elicit being the most commonly utilized. The study showed simultaneous adoption of AI tools by both the staff and the students. Based on the study findings, it was concluded that although awareness and utilization are generally high, some AI tools like Research Rabbit are less commonly used. It recommended capacity-building workshops, clear institutional policies on AI use, improved infrastructure and the integration of AI literacy into academic programs to enhance effective and ethical use.
FACTORS AFFECTING JOB TRAINING AMONG STAFFS IN SELECTED ACADEMIC LIBRARIES IN EKITI STATE, NIGERIA
Job training is a structured process designed to equip employees with essential knowledge, skills, and competencies required for effective job performance and professional growth. This study examined factors affecting job training among library staff in selected academic libraries in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics (percentage, mean, average mean, and standard deviation) as well as inferential statistics (Pearson Product Moment Correlation). Findings identified several challenges affecting job training, including technological barriers, unclear job roles, low staff morale and burnout, information overload, unfavorable management policies, shortage of qualified trainers, inadequate staffing and expertise, limited training resources, and staff reluctance to pursue further training. Addressing these challenges through strategic policy interventions, adequate funding, and improved digital infrastructure will enhance job training effectiveness and contribute to the professional development of library staff in academic institutions.
LEVERAGING PUBLIC LIBRARIES FOR COMMUNITY HEALTH
This study explores the pivotal role of the Anambra State Library Board in promoting cancer awareness through its health information services from 2016 to 2025, aligned with Sustainable Development Goal 3 (Good Health and Wellbeing). Public libraries globally have evolved into critical community health hubs by providing equitable access to health information, especially for underserved populations. Using a qualitative case study, this paper documents the planning, partnerships, and activities conducted annually to mark International Cancer Day. Findings reveal significant gaps in public knowledge about cancer symptoms, prevention, and early screening, compounded by barriers such as fear and financial constraints. Real-life survivor narratives underscored the life-saving potential of early detection. The study recommends sustained multi-sectoral partnerships, digital health integration, and geographic expansion of outreach across Anambra State to improve health literacy and outcomes.
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Electronic Cataloguing and Classification Skills Acquisition and Practices of Cataloguers in Federal and State University Libraries in South-East Nigeria
Electronic cataloguing and classification is necessary for organizing, categorizing and utilizing library resources. This empirical study explores the acquisition and practices of electronic cataloguing and classification skills among cataloguers in Federal and State university libraries in South-East, Nigeria. Employing a descriptive survey research design, the study involved 201 professional cataloguers and librarians from both types of institutions in the region. Two research questions and two hypotheses guided the study. The two null hypotheses tested at a significance level of 0.05. Data were collected using two instruments: A questionnaire titled "Librarians Cataloguing and Classification Practices (LCCPQ)" and a cognitive test titled the "Test of Cataloguing and Classification Skills of Cataloguers (TCCSC)." The instruments were validated by experts in the field, and reliability indices were established. Findings revealed that cataloguers in Federal university libraries acquire more electronic cataloguing and classification skills and do more practices compared to those in State university libraries. However, statistical analysis did not show significant differences in the acquisition and practices between the two groups. It was recommended that cataloguers in State university libraries should receive regular training in information and communication technology (ICT), supported by university management. This would help them match the skills of their counterparts in Federal universities, particularly in electronic cataloguing and classification, ultimately enhancing their job performance.
Digitization of Materials and Digitalization of Processes in Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University (COOU) Library, Anambra State, Nigeria
Over the years, the application of ICTsin academic libraries has expanded access to information, enabling the users to access the right information at the right time irrespective of their physical locations. Thus, modern libraries are equipped with digital resources, computers, and Internet access. The aim of this paper was to show the application of ICTsat COOU library and how it has transformed their information resources and methods of service delivery. The study examined digitization of library materials and the digitalization of library processes at COOU library. It addressed the concept of library systems, the concept of digitization and digitalization. Furthermore, the paper revealed the ICTs resources available at COOU library, and the digitization / digitalization processes in some sections or units of the library such as the circulation unit, technical services, serials unit, and the project unit. The paper concluded that COOU library adopts both manual or traditional and modern library systems.
Application of Knowledge Management in Festus Aghagbo Nwako University Library for Improved Service Delivery
The application of knowledge management in various areas of library services has helped to achieve efficiency in service delivery. The purpose of this study was to explore the application of knowledge management in Festus Aghagbo Nwako University Library (FANL) for improved service delivery. It established the fact that in FANL, KM has been successfully applied in collection development and management, cataloguing and classification, circulation and access services, reference and research services, professional development, digital library and institutional repositories, among others. This study also examined the concept of KM, brief history of KM, brief history of FANL, types of knowledge, relevance of KM in libraries, and challenges of application of KM in FANL. The paper concluded that KM is applied to a high extent in FANL for improved service delivery. Major recommendations made include: continuous organization of seminars and workshops for the library staff to enable them understand KM strategy and vision clearly for effective implementation of KM initiatives in libraries; library staff should acquire the necessary skills for effective application and utilization of KM tools and techniques; there should be sufficient provision of financial resources for the implementation and sustainability of KM initiatives in libraries, there should be sufficient technology infrastructure to keep the KM systems and tools up-to-date.
Information Management in the Academic Environment
This paper examines the management of information within academic libraries. It begins by addressing the fundamental concepts of information and information management, emphasizing the essential functions and services that academic libraries provide to students, faculty, and researchers. The discussion then highlights the critical role of librarians, not only as custodians of knowledge but also as facilitators of information dissemination. Their skills and competencies in organizing, curating, and delivering information are key to the success of academic institutions. Furthermore, the paper explores the significant transformation of library services through the integration of information and communication technologies (ICTs). Finally, the paper provides recommendations aimed at improving library services in academic environments. These include investing in continuous professional development for librarians, enhancing digital infrastructure, and adopting user-centred approaches to library services. By doing so, academic libraries can better meet the growing and diverse needs of their users in the digital age.
Extent of Information and Communication Technology Integration in Public Secondary Schools in Two Local Government Areas of Anambra State
The study on the extent of information and communication technology integration was carried out in fifteen public secondary schools in both Nnewi North and Ekwusigo Local Government Areas of Anambra State. Descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. The population of the study was fifteen public secondary schools in the two Local Government Areas under study, thus no sampling technique was adopted as the entire population was studied. A checklist, interview, and questionnaire were instruments adopted for data collection of the study. Data generated in the study were analyzed with descriptive statistics using tables, percentages, and arithmetic mean. Findings from the study showed that the extent of ICT resources provision in most of the schools was low and the available ones in the schools were not kept in the school libraries, the extent of ICT resources used for services was low, the teachers in charge possess the necessary ICT skills to a high extent, but are not qualified school librarians. Several challenges such as insufficient ICT infrastructure, lack of proper security, and absence of qualified school librarians were highlighted and strategies such as fencing of the unfenced schools, and deployment of security men to the schools were proffered. Major recommendations made are that effort should be made by the government to complete the ICT agenda in all the schools through the provision of the remaining ICT resources, employment and posting of qualified school librarians to manage the school libraries, and the deployment of security men to the schools to remove fear of burglary.
Appraisal of Quality of Library Services and User Satisfaction of Postgraduate Students of Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike (MOUAU)
University libraries are established to support the teaching, learning, and research needs of faculty and students. They provide vital services to satisfy the information needs of the users. This study appraised the postgraduate students of Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike (MOUAU) to determine their level of satisfaction with the quality of library services. Descriptive survey research design was used in this study. Population of the study comprised of 180 postgraduate students that registered with the university library during the 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 academic sessions. Convenience sampling technique was used to choose 120 postgraduate students. Data generated in the study were analyzed using tables, percentages, and arithmetic mean. Findings from the study showed among others, that there are so many library services available or provided in MOUAU which the postgraduate students are not aware of and do not utilize. The major reason postgraduate students use the MOUAU library is to have access to a greater variety of information. They use photocopying services, bibliographic services, and reference services to a high extent. Findings also showed that they are satisfied to a high extent with the reference services and photocopying services of the library. Major recommendations made are that the library should publicise the available information resources and services provided, using library orientation and user education, notices, display racks, social media, and the library website; library administration should be aware of the reasons why postgraduate students use the library and provide up-to-date and pertinent information resources, contemporary facilities, and appropriate services that would satisfy the information needs postgraduate students.
Michael Okpara University of Agriculture
Operational Challenges of Library and Information Science Education in a Digital Environment
ICTs have changed LIS education and library practices globally. Today, LIS graduates need new skills and competencies to function effectively and remain relevant in this field. This paper discussed current trends and developments in LIS education around the world, the state of LIS education in Nigeria, with a focus on a total reformation of the curricula to ensure regular update of teaching facilities to be relevant in a digital environment, and operational challenges facing LIS education in Nigeria, which include, among other things, the government's persistent failure to adequately fund education in general and LIS education in particular, paucity of funding for LIS programmes and inconsistency in nomenclature. It further examines how to address the issues raised, particularly by having the LIS schools build operational plans that are focused on making an effect and encouraging support to raise additional money. The report emphasizes in its conclusion that LIS education in Nigeria can be more significant in the digital age provided curricula and the necessary teaching resources and infrastructure are in accordance with the most recent global trends.
Public Library as an Effective Tool for Youth Empowerment in a Period of Economic Recession: Onitsha Divisional Library Experience
Public libraries serve as an avenue for skill acquisition and career development through their youth empowerment programs. This study surveyed the public library as an effective tool for youth empowerment in Onitsha Divisional Library. It adopted descriptive survey research design. Four research questions and four purposes of study guided the research. The population of the study was made up of 423 youths. One hundred (100) youths that benefited from the youth empowerment program of the Public Library were selected using accidental sampling technique. The instrument for data collection was questionnaire titled “Public Library and Youth Empowerment Questionnaires (PULYEQ). Data was analyzed using frequencies, percentages and mean rating. The findings of the study revealed that the Onitsha Divisional Library hosts youth empowerment programs for youths to develop their entrepreneurial talents and acquire new creative skills, but the program lacked adequate funding. Based on the findings, it is was recommended that enough funds should be provided by the government for the public libraries to consolidate the programs by acquiring the required infrastructure and equipment required for effective skill acquisition.
Skill acquisition Onitsha Divisional Library
Issues and Measures for Improving Lecturers' Use of Electronic Information Resources in Federal University Libraries in South East Nigeria
EIRs are invaluable tools that impact teaching, learning and research productivity all over the world. They have revolutionized how information is accessed and shared, impacting various domains such as education, research, healthcare, and business. This study investigated the constraints encountered by lecturers in their use of electronic information resources (EIRs) and identified potential measures to ameliorate the situation. Descriptive survey design was adopted and two research questions guided this study. The population of the study comprised 4265 lecturers in four federal universities in South East Nigeria out of which 428 were selected as sample size through multi-stage sampling technique. The instrument for data collection was a structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using mean rating and standard deviation. The findings revealed that major issues were lack of awareness, irregular power supply, inadequacy of ICT facilities and poor Internet access. Recommendations made include awareness creation, regular power supply, provision of adequate infrastructure and broader and technical assistance.
Awareness and Utilization of Health Information on Risky Health Behaviours of Pregnant Women in Anambra State
Health information enables an individual to take the best decision concerning his/her health. Pregnant women have peculiar health information needs. This study investigated the awareness and utilization of health information on risky health behaviours of pregnant women in Anambra State. Three specific objectives guided the study. Descriptive survey research design was adopted for this study. The population comprised eight thousand nine hundred and eighty four (8,984) pregnant women. Borg and Gall statistical tool was used to determine the sample size of eight hundred and ninety eight (898). Questionnaire was used as a data collection instrument for the study. Data obtained were analyzed using mean ratings and simple percentages. The study revealed that pregnant women in Anambra State are not aware of their risky health behaviours, secondly, they do not utilize the health information provided for them due to certain challenges. This implies that the lifestyle which pregnant women in Anambra State understood as normal, endanger their lives and that of their unborn children. Therefore, providing them with relevant health information and at the same time paying attention to the challenges that hinder their health information utilization can reduce to a great extent the number of women and babies dying of pregnancy related complications each year. It was recommended among others that healthcare providers and information professionals should utilize different media to increase the level of awareness on risky health behaviours associated with pregnancy.
The Role of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in Transforming Library Operations and Management into Digital Knowledge Hubs
The integration of ICT has expanded access to information, enabling libraries to serve their communities beyond their physical locations. The aim of this paper was to examine the role of information and communication technology in transforming library operations and management into digital knowledge hubs. It established the fact that there have been global best practices in ICT integration in library operations and management, such as seen at the New York Public Library's Digital Collection; the British Library's Online Catalogue, and the National Library of Australia's Trove, among others. It pointed out that Nigerian government, through the National University Commission (NUC) and the Nigerian National Library have made efforts at integrating ICT into library operations and management with unsatisfactory result, so far. It also examined the benefits of ICT in library operations and management; the challenges in integrating ICTinto library operations and management, and finally, the future trends in ICT integration into library operations and management. The paper concluded that the future of ICT integration in libraries is bright, and libraries must be proactive in adopting new technologies to meet the changing needs of library users.
Improving Public Libraries Services in Akwa Ibom State and Rivers State: Strategies for Relevant Information Services for the Unreached Rural Communities
Public libraries are obligated to provide information services and resources to rural communities. People in the rural communities seek information to fill an identified gap in their quest for knowledge. This study, therefore, investigated the methods for improving public library services in Akwa Ibom and Rivers States as strategies for meeting the information needs of the unreached rural communities. Descriptive survey design was adopted for the study. Population of the study comprised of 326 rural dwellers and public library staff in Akwa Ibom and Rivers States. This figure is made up of 50 library staff and 276 rural dwellers. A purposive sampling technique was used for the selection of 13 rural community dwellers each from the 54Local Governments in the two states. The instrument for data collection was a questionnaire designed based on rural people's views. The instrument was validated by experts in the Department of Library and Information Science, University of Uyo, Uyo. The instrument titled “Improving Public Libraries Services for Rural Areas Questionnaire” (IPLSRAQ) was designed in two categories to reflect the members of the population. Atotal of 326 copies of the instruments were distributed and 310 were useful for data analysis. Data collected were analyzed using mean and standard deviation. The findings revealed that the unreached rural people in the two states need different types of information for their daily lives and the strategies to improve their information needs is by establishing rural library services.
The Role of Library and Information Science Professionals in Combating Fake News and Infodemic During Public Health Emergencies: Reflections on COVID-19 Pandemic in Nigeria
Humanity was accosted by one of its biggest challenges with the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic. The problem was far-reaching and devastating; its spread was readily aided by fake news and infodemic. Indeed, the rapidity of the spread of the coronavirus pandemic and the high mortality rate coupled with the fact that little was known of the new strain of the disease sent people into a panic search for information that could help them understand the disease and preventative or mitigation measures. This was more serious in developing countries like Nigeria faced with low levels of literacy, a dilapidated healthcare system and a proclivity to attach supernatural tags to uncommon matters. This attitude made the problem more difficult to address. Fake news was freely disseminated through social media. Given their skill sets as information professionals, librarians in Nigeria and elsewhere have a role to play in the fight against fake news and infodemic especially during public health emergencies. This paper advocates for the use of the following strategies as a panacea for curbing infodemic and the dissemination of fake news and curbing infodemic. The strategies include information literacy, information re-packaging, oral librarianship, current awareness service (CAS), use of social media, building online resources collaborations and partnerships among others. The paper concludes by calling on librarians to play a more proactive role in any public health emergencies.
THE POWER OF IMAGERIES IN COMMUNITY INFORMATION AND ENGAGEMENT
Audiovisual resources create special effect and enhance the facilitation of access to information. Librarians leverage on this and package information in desired format for rural community dwellers to engage them in effective service delivery. If audiovisual resources excite the city dwellers, the effect on rural communities is overwhelming. It stimulates learning and makes learning more concrete yet the use of multimedia in rural communities seems so elusive. This paper sought to highlight the power of audiovisual resources when integrated in engaging the rural communities for participation in sustainable development and national development, the benefits derived, challenges thereof, and chatting a new way forward. These days, librarians take information to their users wherever they are. Librarians serving the rural community should consider that they have limited access to the Internet, cable TV network, electricity supply, and other amenities enjoyed by the city dwellers. Yet these rural dwellers are information savvy and value every piece of information provided to them. Thus connecting and engaging them with simple audiovisual resources would place librarians on the right path towards building sustainable and national development among the rural dwellers.
EMERGING ISSUES IN LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCE EDUCATION IN THE COVID-19 ERA
This paper examined emerging issues in Library and Information Science (LIS) education in the COVID-19 era. Two research questions guided the study. The researchers adopted a descriptive survey design. Population of the study comprised 50 LIS lecturers in three universities in Rivers State. Convenience sampling was done as the entire population who responded by filling out the online questionnaire were used for the study. Questionnaire was the instrument used for data collection. A total of 36 respondents filled the questionnaire. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics of frequency count, simple percentages, and mean scores. Findings of the study revealed that majority of LIS lecturers make use of WhatsApp and Zoom platforms for online learning. It was also established that poor Internet connectivity, poor electricity supply, and lack of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) skills among others were some of the challenges to effective use of online learning platforms. Based on the findings, the researchers recommended that the school management should provide adequate Internet facilities, improve on electricity supply and organize ICT training for academic staff to fully utilize the various online learning platforms which is a prerequisite to remain relevant in the COVID-19 era.
AVAILABILITY OF INTERNET FACILITY AND UTILIZATION BY UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS OF IGNATIUS AJURU UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION, RIVERS STATE, NIGERIA
This study investigates the availability of internet facilities and utilization by undergraduate students of Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Rivers State, Nigeria. Three research questions and one hypothesis was formulated to guide the study. The study adopted survey research design. Population of the study was 1352, out of which a sample size of 338 was drawn. The questionnaire tagged, Availability of internet facility and utilization of by undergraduate students (AIFUUS) was the instrument for data collection. Descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation were used to analyze the research questions while independent t-test analysis was used to test the null hypothesis formulated at 0.05 alpha level. The study found that undergraduate students of IAUE library use the lnternet facility daily, twice a week, weekly and occasionally. The reasons for usage were to complete their class assignment, research work, sending mail and acquiring new skills. Challenges encountered by undergraduates include unsteady power supply, high fee charged, poor search skills, poor quality service delivery, slow Internet connectivity, locating the right websites and limited bandwidth access. The study recommends that enabling environment should be created through the provision of robust Internet access to enable the undergraduate make maximum use of the internet facilities on regular bases. This way, library patronage will be enhanced.
ETHICAL ISSUES AND ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE OF BOOK PUBLISHING FIRMS IN IBADAN, OYO STATE, NIGERIA
The study investigated ethical issues and organizational performance of book publishing firms in Ibadan, Oyo State. Four research questions guided the study. The study adopted descriptive survey research design. Population of the study consisted of 204 management staff of the 51 registered book publishing firms in Ibadan metropolis. The entire population was studied hence no sampling. Questionnaire was used for data collection. A response rate of 77% was achieved from the questionnaires distributed. Research question 1 was based on four point rating scale.While Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze the research questions 2, 3 and 4. Findings revealed that there was a significant combined influence of ethical issues (authorship, duplicate publication and plagiarism) on organizational performance (Adj.R2= .676, F (4, 153) =74.716, P<0.01. organizational performance positively correlated with authorship (r = .666, p<0.01), duplicate publication (r= -.163, p<0.05), and plagiarism (r= -.572, p< 0.01) More so, authorship was found to be the strongest predictor of organizational performance (β= .373, t= 24.687, P<0.01), followed by plagiarism (β = .265, t = 18.217, P<0.05) and duplicate publication (β = .145, t= 10.826, P<0.01). Findings from the study also showed that piracy issues, authorship issues, marketing issues and infrastructural decadence were the most highly prevalent ethical issues in most publishing firms in Ibadan.It was recommended that book publishing firms should implement policies that could foster the development and satisfaction of authors. During economic hardship, book publishing firms should produce what the customer can afford as this will discourage piracy.
PERCEIVED EFFECT OF THEFT AND MUTILATION OF INFORMATION RESOURCES IN UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES IN BENUE STATE, NIGERIA
The study investigated the effect of theft and mutilation of information resources in university libraries in Benue State, Nigeria. The study was guided by four research questions. Descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. Population of the study comprised three hundred (300) library users drawn from three universities in Benue State. The entire population was studied hence there was no sampling as the size was manageable. A structured questionnaire titled, "Questionnaire on Effect of Theft and Mutilation of Information Resources in Academic Libraries in Universities in Benue State (QETMIRALUBS)" was used for data collection. Data collected were analyzed using mean scores and standard deviation (SD). The study found that theft and mutilation of information resources exist in the university libraries studied. The finding also revealed among others that; theft and mutilation cause frustration to librarians and library users. It also makes materials less useful and causes shortage of library materials. Result of the analysis also revealed that all library materials in the three universities in Benue State were vulnerable to theft and mutilation except audio visual materials. All the factors listed in this study were responsible for theft and mutilation except the high demand of a particular book by users. The study also found out that some of the measures or strategies that could be used to combat theft and mutilation in these libraries include the provision of enough security, mounting of Close Circuit Television (CCTV) cameras in the libraries as well as, periodic searching of hostels and staff offices. Based on these findings, it was recommended that the university administration should endeavor to provide enough reading materials, photocopying facility, among others.
AWARENESS AND USE OF COVID-19 PREVENTIVE MEASURES IN LIBRARY BY UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS OF YUSUF MAITAMA SULE UNIVERSITY, KANO NIGERIA
This study investigated the awareness and use of Covid 19 preventive measures by undergraduate students of Yusuf Maitama Sule University, Kano. Four research questions guided the study. The research design was a survey. Population of the study comprised 9185 students out of which 184 was purposively chosen as the sample. Questionnaire was used to collect data for the study. The findings indicated that the majority of the students were aware of the WHO preventive protocol on Covid 19 pandemic but only a few abide by it when they use the library. The study also found that the library do not provide users with wash hand basin, while the provision of hand sanitizer in the library was inadequate. Based on the findings, it was recommended that advocacy should be employed for increased awareness on the Covid 19 preventive measures. It was also recommended that the library should provide wash hand basin and hand sanitizers for students use. Adequate provision of these items is however hinged on improved funding.
PROVISION OF DIGITAL REFERENCE INFORMATION RESOURCES FOR EFFECTIVE RESEARCH OF POSTGRADUATE STUDENTS IN UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES IN SOUTH SOUTH NIGERIA
This study investigated the provision of digital reference information resources for effective research of postgraduate students in university libraries in South-South, Nigeria. Four research questions and one null hypothesis guided the study. A descriptive survey research design was employed in studying 3411 postgraduate students from three universities in South-South, Nigeria. The sample size of345 postgraduate students was selected for the study using the purposive sampling technique. Digital Reference information Resources Provision Questionnaire (DRIRPQ) was used to collect data. Data from the research questions were analysed with descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation. The null hypothesis was tested at 0.5 level of significance. The findings reveal that websites, e-databases, e-journals, e-books, and mobile resources were the digital information resources provided in the libraries. Postgraduate students these digital information resources to find research topics, obtain general information, access journal articles, and search for current literature. The challenges affecting the provision of digital reference information resources were paucity of funds, erratic power supply, lack of ICT skilled library staff, and poor Internet connectivity. Strategies to enhance the provision of digital reference information resources were provision of adequate funds, provision of steady power supply, engaging ICT skilled library staff, and provision of robust Internet access. The study recommends that improved funding should be channeled to the acquisition of current digital reference resources in the libraries.
USAGE OF DIGITAL RESOURCES FOR EFFECTIVE SERVICE DELIVERY BY ACADEMIC LIBRARIANS IN UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES IN GOMBE STATE, NIGERIA
The study investigated the usage of digital resources by academic librarians in university libraries for effective service delivery in Gombe State, Nigeria. The objectives of the study were to determine the extent of usage of digital resources by academic librarians and to examine various challenges involved in the usage of digital resources in university libraries in Gombe State. The study adopted descriptive research design. Population of the study comprised 45 practicing academic librarians in university libraries in Gombe State. The study used census sampling technique hence there was no sampling. Questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents. Data collected for the research were analyzed using descriptive statistics of frequency distribution, percentage, mean and standard deviation. The finding of the study showed that usage of digital resources by academic librarians in university libraries in Gombe State, Nigeria was effective. The finding also revealed that the use of digital resources made users to become more technology friendly. The study concludes that the use of digital resources encourage learning and research activities. The study recommends that the library management should strategize on how to deploy the use of digital resources in their libraries for effective services delivery. It also recommends, frequent and sustainable trainings, workshops and seminars on the usage of digital resources in these libraries.
DIGITIZATION OF INFORMATION RESOURCES IN UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES IN NIGERIA
Libraries all over the world are embracing the digitization of information resources to increase their relevance in this era of information explosion and knowledge management. This paper discussed the concept of digitization, digital library technology for digitization projects, and overview of digital efforts in Nigerian university libraries. Challenges to the digitization of information resources in Nigerian university libraries were highlighted. These include insufficient funding and a lack of acquisition of metadata skills by the librarians. Recommendations made include improved funding for Nigerian university libraries and constant training and retraining of librarians to acquire metadata and other digitization skills.
AVAILABILITY OF INFORMATION RESOURCES AND SERVICES IN PUBLIC LIBRARIES FOR PEOPLE WITH SPECIAL NEEDS
This research examined the availability of information resources and services for people with special needs in Prof. Kenneth Dike State Central e-library, Awka. Four research questions guided the study. Descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. Population of the study comprised 81 registered users with special needs in Professor Kenneth Dike State Central e-Library, Awka. Instruments for data collection were observation checklist and questionnaire. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics of mean scores and simple percentage. The study found that available information resources and services for people with special needs were discs, microfilms, and large print books. The extent of use of public libraries by people with special needs was very high as they use the public library for reading, leisure, and recreation, to advance their education, and research, and to access information and online database. Challenges that hinder the availability of information resources and services for people with special needs were poor funding, inadequate reading materials, poor maintenance culture, high cost of library resources, and improper distribution of facilities and reading materials. It was recommended that improved funding, the use of skilled librarians, good maintenance culture on the available resources, and a subsidized cost of library resources would enhance the availability of information resources for persons with special needs in this library. The study recommends that people with special needs should be provided with adequate library resources to support their educational and occupational pursuits.